What is differential reinforcement (DR)?

Differential reinforcement refers to a strategy in behavior modification that involves reinforcing a specific desired behavior while simultaneously decreasing the occurrence of undesired behaviors by withholding reinforcement for those behaviors. This method helps to shape and maintain desirable behaviors by providing rewards or reinforcement when the targeted behavior is exhibited, while lessening the reinforcements available for other, less desirable behaviors. By focusing on reinforcing the one behavior, you effectively encourage its repetition, which can lead to behavior change over time.

The essence of differential reinforcement is its focus on reinforcing a chosen behavior distinctly, as opposed to punishing unwanted behaviors or uniformly reinforcing all actions. This strategy is particularly effective in various settings, such as educational and therapeutic environments, as it promotes positive behavior while systematically reducing negative behaviors without relying solely on punishment.