What can be classified as a conditioned punisher?

A verbal warning that reduces future frequency of behavior is classified as a conditioned punisher because it has been learned to have a negative association. Over time, individuals can learn that this specific verbal warning signals an undesirable consequence or an undesirable outcome for their behavior, leading them to avoid that behavior in the future. This association is formed through experience, rather than being an inherently aversive stimulus, which is characteristic of conditioned punishment.

In contrast, a loud noise that immediately decreases a behavior serves as an unconditioned punisher because it does not require prior learning to understand its negative impact; it is inherently aversive. A physical reprimand is also an unconditioned punisher as it likely elicits an immediate negative reaction without needing a prior learning history. A non-verbal cue that encourages desired behavior does not act as a punisher at all; instead, it works to promote positive behavior, showcasing the contrast between punishment and reinforcement in behavior modification.